Social and political barriers of renewable energy sources (RES) development in Poland
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15173/esr.v27i2.5753Abstract
Poland, as one of the post-Soviet countries, has been heavily relying on natural gas import from Russia. In addition, this country generates a large amount of electricity through hard coal/lignite coal combustion that engenders a great measure of greenhouse gas emission. The EU recommends Poland to decrease the greenhouse gas emission, and in a gradual pace to meet the EU’s goals and objectives of building a sustainable environment bolstered by a successful energy transition. To Poland, energy transition is urgent and alarming. Poland has initiated its energy plan till the year of 2040 and has aimed at a comprehensive transition to sustainable energy system. A well-balanced energy transformation cannot distance from technology innovation and development co-functioning with smooth and successful policy-making and implementation. Poland, as a receiving country of foreign direct capital and high technology in the EU, is facing multiple obfuscations to reform its energy systems and to radicalize the nation’s renewable energies development. What are Poland’s social and political barriers of renewable energy sources (RES) development? This article intends to offer answers to this question.
Downloads
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Rights for Authors
As further described in our submission agreement (the Submission Agreement), in consideration for publication of the article, the authors assign to Energy Studies Review all copyright in the article, subject to the expansive personal--use exceptions described below.
Attribution and Usage Policies
Reproduction, posting, transmission or other distribution or use of the article or any material therein, in any medium as permitted by a personal-use exemption or by written agreement of Energy Studies Review, requires credit to Energy Studies Review as copyright holder (e.g., Energy Studies Review © 2014).
Personal-use Exceptions
The following uses are always permitted to the author(s) and do not require further permission from DigitalCommons@McMaster provided the author does not alter the format or content of the articles, including the copyright notification:
- Storage and back-up of the article on the author's computer(s) and digital media (e.g., diskettes, back-up servers, Zip disks, etc.), provided that the article stored on these computers and media is not readily accessible by persons other than the author(s);
- Posting of the article on the author(s) personal website, provided that the website is non-commercial;
- Posting of the article on the internet as part of a non-commercial open access institutional repository or other non-commercial open access publication site affiliated with the author(s)'s place of employment (e.g., a Phrenology professor at the University of Southern North Dakota can have her article appear in the University of Southern North Dakota's Department of Phrenology online publication series); and
- Posting of the article on a non-commercial course website for a course being taught by the author at the university or college employing the author.
People seeking an exception, or who have questions about use, should contact the editors.
